AS3292
Tdc Holding A/s — tdc.net
Summary
| Country |
|
| Organization | Tdc Holding A/s |
| Domain | tdc.net |
| Number of IPv4 | 5,538,304 |
| Number of IPv6 | 1.6641× 1030 |
| AS Type | ISP |
| Registry | RIPE NCC |
| Allocated | September 20, 2002 (about 23 years ago) |
| Updated | October 12, 2025 (about 23 days ago) |
IP Ranges
AS3292 announces 230 IPv4 ranges and 19 IPv6 ranges.
That's a total of 5,538,304 IPv4 addresses and 1.6641× 1030 IPv6 addresses.
| Prefix | Organization | Size | Registry | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.21.28.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 2.104.0.0/14 |
|
262,144 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 2.108.0.0/15 |
|
131,072 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 2.110.0.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 2.110.16.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 2.110.32.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 2.111.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 5.44.136.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 5.44.136.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 5.182.128.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 5.182.129.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 45.65.84.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 62.135.128.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 62.242.0.0/15 |
|
131,072 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.99.224.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 79.99.225.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 79.99.226.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 79.99.227.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 79.99.228.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 79.99.229.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 80.62.0.0/15 |
|
131,072 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.73.177.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.73.178.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.73.180.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.73.182.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.73.183.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.73.184.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.91.128.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.160.0.0/13 |
|
524,288 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 80.196.0.0/14 |
|
262,144 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 80.245.100.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 81.31.80.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 83.88.0.0/13 |
|
524,288 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 85.129.0.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.48.0.0/13 |
|
524,288 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.56.32.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.56.128.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.57.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.58.0.0/18 |
|
16,384 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 87.58.32.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.58.128.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 87.58.160.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.58.224.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.59.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.60.0.0/14 |
|
262,144 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.104.192.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 87.104.224.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 91.192.112.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 91.199.190.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 91.199.217.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 91.227.177.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 92.43.176.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 93.160.0.0/13 |
|
524,288 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 93.178.128.0/18 |
|
16,384 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 94.189.0.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.166.64.0/18 |
|
16,384 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 95.166.128.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 104.77.212.0/22 |
|
1,024 | ARIN | REASSIGNMENT |
| 128.76.0.0/18 |
|
16,384 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 128.76.128.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 128.77.128.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 131.164.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 136.238.207.0/24 |
|
256 | ARIN | REASSIGNMENT |
| 144.95.16.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 144.95.24.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 145.235.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 147.29.150.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 149.212.0.0/18 |
|
16,384 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 156.49.126.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 159.130.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 176.20.0.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 176.20.224.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 176.21.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 176.22.0.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 176.22.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 176.22.160.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 176.22.192.0/18 |
|
16,384 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 176.23.0.0/17 |
|
32,768 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 176.23.160.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 176.23.192.0/18 |
|
16,384 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.72.36.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.72.37.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 185.72.38.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 185.72.39.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 185.72.142.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.73.73.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.116.8.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.116.10.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.127.48.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 185.127.99.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.149.231.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.151.88.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 185.151.90.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 185.158.163.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.171.196.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.218.80.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 185.218.82.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 188.176.0.0/13 |
|
524,288 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 192.43.163.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.4.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.25.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.33.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.36.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.38.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.48.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.57.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.92.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.103.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.104.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.105.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.106.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.107.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.108.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.109.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.110.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.111.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.112.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.113.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.114.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.115.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.121.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.122.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.124.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.130.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.130.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.132.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.175.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.180.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.181.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.220.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.66.224.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.71.250.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.98.33.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.121.183.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | LEGACY |
| 192.165.74.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.3.130.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.3.140.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.3.141.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.3.142.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.3.224.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.3.228.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.3.251.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.32.65.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.32.245.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.39.139.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.41.12.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.41.13.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.84.27.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.88.0.0/15 |
|
131,072 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.105.10.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.105.30.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.138.115.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.160.248.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.160.250.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.6.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.162.32.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.162.42.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.162.48.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.74.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.75.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.98.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.162.108.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.109.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.110.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.111.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.112.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.113.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.162.145.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.162.146.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.162.152.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.162.248.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.162.254.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.163.10.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.163.24.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.163.32.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.41.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.100.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.103.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.106.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.107.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.110.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.118.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.129.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.163.132.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.136.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.137.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.138.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.139.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.140.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.140.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.163.146.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.163.158.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.163.160.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 193.183.117.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 193.200.44.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 193.238.204.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 194.9.254.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 194.14.69.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 194.68.226.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 194.99.114.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-ASSIGNED PA |
| 194.103.114.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 194.180.200.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 194.182.128.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 194.182.144.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 194.182.232.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 194.182.240.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 194.192.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 194.239.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 194.246.103.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 194.247.32.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 194.247.43.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 194.247.58.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 194.247.188.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 195.41.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 195.60.160.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 195.88.36.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 195.95.181.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 195.97.128.0/18 |
|
16,384 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 195.137.178.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 195.184.32.0/19 |
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 195.215.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 195.246.198.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 195.249.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 198.183.202.0/24 |
|
256 | ARIN | ALLOCATION |
| 212.130.0.0/16 |
|
65,536 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| 217.28.160.0/23 |
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 217.28.162.0/24 |
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 217.28.164.0/22 |
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 217.28.168.0/21 |
|
2,048 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 217.197.48.0/20 |
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED PA |
| Prefix | Organization | Size | Registry | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001:67c:16bc::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:67c:1b54::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:67c:2454::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:67c:2460::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:67c:27cc::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:67c:2894::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:67c:28ac::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:67c:2a9c::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:67c:2ae0::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PI |
| 2001:6c8::/29 |
|
6.3383× 1029 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
| 2a00:47e0::/32 |
|
7.9228× 1028 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
| 2a00:eec0::/32 |
|
7.9228× 1028 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
| 2a02:26f0:116::/48 |
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED |
| 2a02:6760::/32 |
|
7.9228× 1028 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
| 2a03:4940::/32 |
|
7.9228× 1028 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
| 2a03:9020:4600::/40 |
|
3.0949× 1026 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
| 2a03:9020:4600:1::/64 |
|
1.8447× 1019 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
| 2a06:c9c0::/29 |
|
6.3383× 1029 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
| 2a0a:e700::/32 |
|
7.9228× 1028 | RIPE NCC | ALLOCATED-BY-RIR |
Peers
AS3292 actively fosters the following peering relationships that enhance network performance through direct, settlement-free traffic exchange. Even with a modest number of peers, each connection serves as a strategic asset—optimizing routing, reducing latency, and minimizing transit costs.
Upstreams
AS3292 connects to the global Internet via at least 3 upstream providers. In this setup, AS3292 acts as a customer, subscribing to these transit services to obtain full BGP routing information and ensure reliable, redundant access to external networks.
Downstreams
AS3292 serves as a transit provider the following ASes, delivering the BGP routes needed for global connectivity. This downstream relationship underscores AS3292's role in extending Internet access beyond its own infrastructure.