Autonomous System details
AS12418
Quantum Cjsc — ptl.ru
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Summary
| Country |
 Russian Federation
|
| Organization | Quantum Cjsc |
| Domain | ptl.ru |
| Number of IPv4 | 70,144 |
| Number of IPv6 | 2.4179× 1024 |
| AS Type | ISP |
| Registry | RIPE NCC |
| Allocated | February 16, 2002 (about 23 years ago) |
| Updated | February 11, 2025 (about 7 months ago) |
IP Ranges
AS12418 announces 197 IPv4 ranges and 2 IPv6 ranges.
That's a total of 70,144 IPv4 addresses and 2.4179× 1024 IPv6 addresses.
| Prefix | Organization | Size | Registry | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31.200.192.0/24 |
Arhangelsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.193.0/24 |
Ryazan, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.194.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.195.0/24 |
Nabchelny Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.196.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.197.0/24 |
Chelyabinsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.198.0/24 |
Krasnodar Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.199.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.200.0/24 |
Volgograd Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.201.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.202.0/24 |
Ekaterinburg Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.203.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.204.0/24 |
Kalinigrad, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.205.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.206.0/24 |
Belgorod Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 31.200.207.0/24 |
Kaluga Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.192.0/24 |
TVER
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.193.0/24 |
Kalinigrad, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.194.0/24 |
Ulyanovsk, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.195.0/24 |
Samara, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.196.0/24 |
Penza, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.197.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.198.0/24 |
Yaroslavl, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.199.0/24 |
Kursk, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.200.0/24 |
For Orel, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.201.0/24 |
For Novokuznetsk, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.202.0/24 |
For Krasnoyarsk, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.203.0/24 |
For Kalinigrad, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.204.0/23 |
For Kostroma, Russia Customers
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.208.0/24 |
For Cherepovets, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.209.0/24 |
For Nnovgorod, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.210.0/23 |
For Tomsk, Russia Customers
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.212.0/24 |
For Tver, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.213.0/24 |
Kursk, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.214.0/23 |
For Ekaterinburg City, Russia Customers
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.216.0/24 |
For Izhevsk, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.217.0/24 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.218.0/24 |
For Orel, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.219.0/24 |
For Tula Customers, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.220.0/24 |
Nn Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.221.0/24 |
Barnaul Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.222.0/24 |
Krasnoyarsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 77.235.223.0/24 |
Barnaul Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.0.0/22 |
Saint-petersburg, Russia
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.4.0/24 |
For Ryazan City Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.5.0/24 |
Naberezhnye Chelny
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.6.0/24 |
For Novokuznetsk City Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.7.0/24 |
Magnitogorsk, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.8.0/22 |
Saint-petersburg, Russia
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.12.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.13.0/24 |
Tver Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.14.0/24 |
Izhevsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.15.0/24 |
Kazan Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.16.0/24 |
Novosibirsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.17.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.18.0/24 |
Arhangelsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.19.0/24 |
Yaroslavl Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.20.0/24 |
Kaluga Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.21.0/24 |
Izhevsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.22.0/24 |
Belgorod Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.23.0/24 |
Cherepovets Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.24.0/24 |
Tomsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.25.0/24 |
Kemerovo Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.26.0/24 |
Ivanovo Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.27.0/24 |
Tver Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.28.0/24 |
Kirov Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.29.0/24 |
Naberezhnye Chelny
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.30.0/24 |
Volgograd Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.31.0/24 |
Yaroslavl Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.32.0/24 |
Chelyabinsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.33.0/24 |
Magnitogorsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.34.0/24 |
Krasnoyarsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.35.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.36.0/24 |
Izhevsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.37.0/24 |
Novokuznetsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.38.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.39.0/24 |
Tomsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.40.0/24 |
Kostroma Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.41.0/24 |
Krasnodar Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.42.0/24 |
Vologda Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.43.0/24 |
Veliky Novgorod Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.44.0/22 |
Saint-petersburg, Russia
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.48.0/23 |
Ekaterinburg Russia
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.50.0/24 |
Lipetsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.51.0/24 |
For Nizhni Novgorod, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.52.0/24 |
Kaluga Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.53.0/24 |
Bryansk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.54.0/24 |
Nizhniy Novgorod Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.55.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.56.0/24 |
Novosibirsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.57.0/24 |
Belgorod Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.58.0/24 |
Bryansk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.59.0/24 |
Krasnodar Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.60.0/24 |
Penza Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.61.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.62.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 79.175.63.0/24 |
Magnitogorsk, Prostor Telecom
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.64.0/23 |
For Ryazan City Russia, Customers
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.66.0/24 |
For Kostroma, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.67.0/24 |
For Orel, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.68.0/22 |
For Nizhni Novgorod, Russia Customers
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.72.0/22 |
For Vologda City, Russia Customers
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.76.0/24 |
Rostov-on-DonNetwork
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.77.0/24 |
Kolomna1Network
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.78.0/24 |
KOLOMNA1NETWORK
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.79.0/24 |
KOLOMNA1NETWORK
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.80.0/24 |
Rostov-on-don, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.81.0/24 |
Kostroma Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.82.0/24 |
Cherepovets Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.83.0/24 |
Kolomna Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.84.0/24 |
Bryansk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.85.0/24 |
Tula Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.86.0/23 |
Moscow Russia
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.87.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.88.0/23 |
For Orel, Russia Customers
|
512 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.90.0/24 |
For Our Customers in Cherepovets City, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.91.0/24 |
For Kursk, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.92.0/24 |
Novosibirsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.93.0/24 |
For Kostroma, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.94.0/24 |
For Barnaul, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 88.86.95.0/24 |
For Ryazan, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.64.0/24 |
Krasnoyarsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.65.0/24 |
Krasnodar Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.66.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.67.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.68.0/24 |
Ekatirenburg Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.69.0/24 |
Barnaul, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.70.0/24 |
Barnaul, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.71.0/24 |
Ivanovo Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.72.0/24 |
Ekatirenburg Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.73.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.74.0/24 |
Samara Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.75.0/24 |
Nnovgorod Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.76.0/24 |
Krasnodar Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.77.0/24 |
Belgorod Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.78.0/24 |
Chelyabinsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.79.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.80.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.81.0/24 |
Kazan Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.82.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.83.0/24 |
Kirov Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.84.0/24 |
Smolensk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.85.0/24 |
Krasnodar Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.86.0/24 |
Krasnodar Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.87.0/24 |
Ivanovo Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.88.0/24 |
Tula Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.89.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.90.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.91.0/24 |
Krasnoyarsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.92.0/24 |
Kirov Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.93.0/24 |
Ekaterinburg Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.94.0/24 |
Stavropol Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.95.0/24 |
Smolensk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.96.0/24 |
Ekaterinburg Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.97.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.98.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.99.0/24 |
Bryansk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.100.0/24 |
Kazan Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.101.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.102.0/24 |
Stavropol Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.103.0/24 |
Omsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.104.0/24 |
Tula Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.105.0/24 |
Naberezhnye Chelny
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.106.0/24 |
Voronezh Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.107.0/24 |
Arhangelsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.108.0/24 |
Belgorod Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.109.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.110.0/24 |
Magnitogorsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.111.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.112.0/24 |
Omsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.113.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.114.0/24 |
Smolensk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.115.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.116.0/24 |
Ryazan Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.117.0/24 |
Krasnoyarsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.118.0/24 |
Bryansk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.119.0/24 |
Voronezh Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.120.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.121.0/24 |
Lipetsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.122.0/24 |
Kursk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.123.0/24 |
Ulyanovsk Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.124.0/24 |
Krasnodar Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.125.0/24 |
Tver Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.126.0/24 |
Orel Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 95.80.127.0/24 |
Rostov-on-don, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.18.200.0/24 |
Barnaul, Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 185.18.202.0/24 |
Moscow Russia
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.64.0/19 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
8,192 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.77.0/24 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.96.0/20 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
4,096 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.112.0/22 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.116.0/24 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.117.0/24 |
For Orel, Russia Customers
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.118.0/24 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.119.0/24 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
256 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.120.0/22 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| 213.170.124.0/22 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
1,024 | RIPE NCC | ASSIGNED PA |
| Prefix | Organization | Size | Registry | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2a00:f30::/48 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | AGGREGATED-BY-LIR |
| 2a00:f30:10::/48 |
Quantum Internet Service Provider
|
1.2089× 1024 | RIPE NCC | AGGREGATED-BY-LIR |
Peers
AS12418 actively fosters the following peering relationships that enhance network performance through direct, settlement-free traffic exchange. Even with a modest number of peers, each connection serves as a strategic asset—optimizing routing, reducing latency, and minimizing transit costs.
Upstreams
AS12418 connects to the global Internet via at least 16 upstream providers. In this setup, AS12418 acts as a customer, subscribing to these transit services to obtain full BGP routing information and ensure reliable, redundant access to external networks.
Downstreams
AS12418 serves as a transit provider the following ASes, delivering the BGP routes needed for global connectivity. This downstream relationship underscores AS12418's role in extending Internet access beyond its own infrastructure.